October 1, 2012
By Tarra Quismundo, Philippine Daily Inquirer
This report was first published in print in issue in the Philippine Daily Inquirer on 30 September 2012
St. Bernard, Southern Leyte – When a 7.6-magnitude quake hit the Visayas and triggered a tsunami warning in the Pacific coast a month ago, some 7,000 residents from coastal barangays here evacuated to higher ground within 12 minutes.
In the fast and orderly retreat to safer ground, everyone was spared from harm.
Scarred by a deadly landslide six years ago, this fourth class town of 27,000 residents has emerged as a “flagship” example in disaster preparedness, response and mitigation, its early warning system and community-based readiness program now a model for other vulnerable towns to emulate.
“Where we fall, we rise.”
“Where we fall, we rise.”, said town Mayor Rico Rentuza in opening the national disaster risk reduction and climate change conference here on Friday.
“We are not a rich town, but we are rich in hazards. Name all the hazards, we have them.. We want to build a culture of preparedness. With all the things we implemented in St. Bernard, we are already experiencing the impact of more efficient emergency response and coordination,” Rentuza said before an audience of fellow government officials and civil society groups that gathered to learn about his town’s experience.
Once rendered “helpless” by a landslide that killed more than 1,000 residents in 2006, this town of survivors has integrated disaster risk reduction into their daily lives.
Early Warning Systems
Barangays on the town’s Pacific coast man state-of-the-art early warning systems round-the-clock, ready to immediately dispatch alerts through loudspeakers installed in hazard-prone villages. All around town are disaster preparedness posters and signs. Evacuation routes are marked.
Volunteers plant mangroves along the coastline to build a natural shield from flooding. Young people regularly go to disaster-preparedness camps. And the town government, supported by both local and international agencies, is in a constant state of readiness – that is, ready to sustain the program even when left to stand in their own feet.
“As a first-time visitor in Southern Leyte, it is rewarding to see how St. Bernard has been fully involved in community based disaster risk reduction project since the results of its investment are manifested in the successful outcomes of drills and actual evacuation,” said European Union Manila head of delegation Guy Ledoux, addressing the forum.
“I would say that regarding disaster preparedness, St. Bernard is certainly flagship. It is the most successful project and we are now [looking] to share the success in disaster preparedness of St. Bernard,” an impressed Ledoux later said in an interview.
He also noted how the Philippines has come a long way in disaster risk reduction efforts compared to its neighbors in the region.
“We are proud to recognize that the Philippines is ahead of its Southeast Asian neighbors as it has adopted a policy framework on disaster preparedness and local government units have been trained in implementing this framework,” Ledoux said.
International Assistance
Through a modest P10-million assistance over five years, the European Union and other partner agencies, including CARE Netherlands and the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ), have helped build the town’s capacity for disaster risk reduction.
International funding helped the town create its local disaster risk reduction office, which maintains a sophisticated, Filipino-made early warning system in eight high-risk barangays.
Designed and operated by Filippino scientist Reginald Juan Mercado, devices that detect multiple hazards such as flood, earthquake, landslide and tsunami, among others, are hooked to barangay stations that could readily issue warnings through loudspeakers whenever necessary.
While monitored by a nerve-center based at the town hall, this decentralized system makes for factor dispatch of information, Rentuza said. “They don’t have to wait for me to issue the warning,” he said.
“We have a long way to go. This should be a lifelong process and practice.”
Colorful Houses
The town has also designated evacuation sites in every sector. This way, residents already know where to run when emergency comes.
Incidentally, one such site is the uphill resettlement site for survivors of the Guinsagon landslide. Permanently relocated after the 2006 landslide, some 268 families (1,023 people) now reside in the new village, living in colorful concrete homes built by the Red Cross, Gawad Kalinga and the Japan International Cooperation Agency.
“I am proud to say that from tragedy, we are now host to evacuees from Barangay Tambis Uno,” said New Guinsagon village chief Beauty Omela Cabacungan, referring to one of the town’s vulnerable barangays.
“Our secret to still surviving is our faith in God and the prayer that whatever problem happens, we offer it to God, for we all know that God will provide,” said Cabacungan in welcoming Ledoux and other visiting officials to her village on Friday.
Lifelong Process
“The St. Bernard experience is a good example of how local communities with the support of civil society and organizations and collaboration with local government authorities can spearhead collective action along disaster risk reduction,” Ledoux said.
Much needs to be done, conceded Rentuza, as he gave assurance that the local government will not waver in disaster risk reduction efforts.
“There is still much to be done. And it requires commitment, focus, time… We have a long way to go. This should be a lifelong process and practice,” Rentuza said.
The European Union has been a steady humanitarian partner of the Philippines as part of its global effort to provide financial and technical aid to disaster-prone countries. Between this year and 2013, the EU has allocated P130 million for disaster-preparedness initiatives across the Philippines.
(Photo credit to Gregorio Dantes Jr.)
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Strengthening BDRRMC capacities as a sustainable mechanism for IRM
by Brgy. Captain Edilberto Lacaba, Brgy. Badiangay, Sta. Fe
Barangay Badiangay is one of 20 barangays in the municipality of Sta Fe that is high-risk to flooding. It is four kilometres away from the town center, and situated in the interior part of the municipality. To reach Badiangay, one needs to ride a motorbike or “habal-habal,” the primary mode of transportation going in and out of the barangay. There are three sitios in the barangay namely Sitios Kamalig, Batoon and Proper. A total of 175 households or 710 individuals make up the whole barangay in which majority are children.
Both sides of the road leading to the barangay are bordered by rice fields, with a few houses dotting the sides of the road. Areas that used to be planted with coconuts have now been broken up to small patches of land planted with vegetables and root crops. Majority of the people work in rice fields as tenants or farm laborers. As farm laborers, they get paid P150-200 pesos for a whole day’s work. During lean months they work as laborers, house helpers or sales ladies in the neighbouring town of Palo or Tacloban. There is no water system that brings water into the homes directly. Drinking water in the barangay is delivered once a week by a truck from the Leyte Metro Water District (LMWD). The residents pay P5.00 per container of water. For bathing and washing, they fetch water from an open well near their houses. This has been the situation in the barangay for the longest time and is considered as normal for everyone.
Such is the situation of the barangay which Edilberto Lacaba calls home.
Edilberto Lacaba is the soft spoken and shy barangay chairman of Badiangay. Once you engage him in a discussion, however, he speaks with seriousness and sincerity. He explains that Barangay Badiangay is a low lying barangay surrounded by the Bobonon River from neighbouring barangay San Isidro and Dapdap and Malaihaw rivers from barangay Gapas, all in the eastern part of the barangay. Water coming from these rivers traverses their barangay thus with only a few hours of strong rain, flood is an inevitable hazard they experience. This constant flooding exacerbates the already difficult economic and physical conditions of the residents of Barangay Badiangay.
According to some elderly in the barangay, in the 1960’s they already experienced flooding. Back then they just stayed within the barangay and wait for flood waters to recede. They would only evacuate to the barangay proper or in some private houses that have second floors when water is knee or waist high. Flooding, at that time, does not reach the barangay proper. Only the two sitios (Batoon and Kamalig) were heavily flooded. Kap Edilberto says it’s different now. Flood waters reach up to 8 feet high, covering their roofs and also reaching the barangay proper. When Typhoon Senyang hit Leyte in the last week of December of 2014, it brought the worst flooding ever experienced in the barangay. The whole barangay was inundated. Left with no choice, they evacuated to the municipal gymnasium of Sta. Fe. Most of their belongings were left behind because they could only bring what they can carry. The fathers were left to take care of their farm animals and other valuables left behind. They built bamboo rafts and stayed on guard of their properties until the flood water subsided.
This was also the time when Edilberto, then the first Kagawad of Badiangay, was forced to act as the head of their barangay because of the untimely death of their Barangay Captain. He did not wish to be a First Kagawad in the first place. Being a Barangay Captain was farthest from his mind. His reluctance was based on his idea that being a Chairman is an enormous responsibility and this would require a 24-7 commitment from him. He was not sure then if he was up to that challenge. But he did heed the challenge after the people of Badiangay showed their support for him.
When ACCORD conducted the series of trainings on Disaster Risk Reduction as part of Promoting Recovery and Enhancing Resilience of the Most Vulnerable Communities that are Most Affected by Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines, the barangay officials of Badiangay were not so enthusiastic to participate. Their initial reaction was the usual reaction ACCORD gets from almost all barangays and municipalities encountered for the first time. Flooding was a normal occurrence in their barangay and they have gotten used to it and besides, they have already attended numerous DRR trainings conducted by other organizations. But out of respect to ACCORD, the trainings pushed through.
As the series of trainings unfold, they started to see the difference. They observed that the activities during workshops are hands-on and based on their actual experiences. Every activity involved the community’s participation, and they can proudly claim every output as their own. Above all, the successive DRR trainings by ACCORD made them realize that they can do something to minimize the ill effects of flooding in their barangay, that they have capacities to improve their situation. After the community-based DRM training for barangay officials in Sta. Fe, Kap Edilberto surprised us when he made the commitment to accept the challenge posed by ACCORD. He will try to the best of his abilities to pursue the path towards resilience.
Indeed, because of the firm commitment Kap Edilberto made, and the changes showed by his fellow barangay officials, the BDRRMC of Badiangay evolved into a learning and responsible organization. Even Kap Edilberto said that BDRRMC officials and members were not active at first, but they showed they can change. Even the community members were not as participative at first. So much so that when ACCORD chose Badiangay to be one of two barangays to conduct a community flood drill, Kap Edilberto was worried if they could muster the support of the majority of the residents to participate in the drill. But he was challenged because this is what their community needs.
The community flood drill was nothing but successful. BDRRMC members and the whole community actively participated in all of the community activities leading to the drill. He was amazed at the seemingly unending stream of volunteers to do all the technical jobs required and all the public awareness activities that had to be done to ensure that everyone in the community was adequately informed. He also acknowledged that part of the strengthening process of the BDRRMC is the opportunity it provided to work with the MDRRMC. And they are happy to note that the MDRRMC has started to recognize its role in supporting the actions of the BDRRMCs.
When asked about his reflections of the project, Kap Edilberto said that what he appreciates most was the series of DRR capacity-building activities that aimed at strengthening their BDRRMC. He still could not believe that they were able to formulate their Contingency Plan and was able to test it through the community drill. Lessons learned were that if people are informed, they will participate. If the BDRRMC members understand DRR, and their responsibilities, they will eventually be active. Just like him, he said he also learned by doing. And what one does must be propelled by a sincere resolve to increase the capacities of a very high risk and vulnerable community.
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Integrated Risk Management Training Manual (4 modules) Contents:
- Module 1: Community-Based Disaster Risk Management
- Module 2: Community Risk Assessment
- Module 3: Contingency Planning
- Module 4: Mainstreaming DRR, CCA, at EMR sa mga planong pangkaunlaran
This manual is written for facilitators who will conduct training in communities that are vulnerable to various hazards.
It may also be useful for members of disaster risk reduction and management bodies in schools and at the community, barangay, city, and municipal levels; and other non-government organizations.
It is written in Filipino and presents the technical subject matter in terms that are easily understandable, and in a format that is easily readable. Among other resources, it contains tools to conduct community risk assessments.
Register to access and download the modules here.
This companion guide to mainstreaming disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA) and ecosystem management and restoration (EMR) in an integrated way is a product of many years of practice, reflection and learning. In 2012, ACCORD and CARE Nederland published a 3-volume Training on Disaster Preparedness and Contingency Planning manual. One session, on risk reduction planning, briefly touched on mainstreaming DRR, CCA and EMR in development plans. Today, we are transforming our accumulated knowledge on mainstreaming into this companion guide or handbook, with optimism that others will find value in, and learn from our experience.
CARE Nederland introduced to us the project cycle management approach to mainstreaming. The Bureau of Local Government Development of the Department of Interior and Local Government trained us on mainstreaming DRR and CCA in the Rationalized Planning System. For both, their support was crucial in the development of our mainstreaming practice. The local government units (LGUs) that have worked with us in the mainstreaming process are too numerous to acknowledge individually, but Saint Bernard, a municipality of Southern Leyte, and Calabanga in Camarines Sur deserve special mention. Led respectively by mayors Rico Rentuza and Evelyn Yu, Saint Bernard and Calabanga enthusiastically collaborated with us in our earliest attempt at mainstreaming. Equally valuable was our collaboration with the municipalities of Maragusan, Davao de Oro and La Paz, Leyte; the Metro Manila cities of Malabon and Navotas;
To view and download the full document, please click here.
Ni Josephine Badilla
Kasalukuyang Presidente ng Plaridel Livelihood Entrepreneur’s Association (PLEA) isang organisasyon ng maliliit na magsasaka sa Barangay Plaridel, Dagami, Leyte
Nobyembre 25, 2015
Dalawang istruktura nalang ang nakatayo sa barangay, lahat ay nakadapa na at nasira. Ganito ang itsura ng barangay Plaridel, Dagami ng manalasa ang bagyong Yolanda. Nang humupa ang malakas na hangin at ulan, natunghayan namin ang nasirang mga bahay at kabuhayan. Ang bukid na dati ay puno ng pananim na niyog at bungang kahoy ngayon ay wala na. Halos mawalan kami ng pag-asa. Paano na kaya kami mabubuhay? May tutulong kaya sa amin?
Walang grupo ng livelihood sa barangay namin bago mag-Yolanda. Kanya-kanya lang kami sa pamumuhay. Ang mga alagang hayop gaya ng baboy ay nakagala lang sa sentro ng barangay dahil wala namang pananim na masisira. Dati ay nagtatanim kami ng mais at ito ang pangunahing kinakain. Pero buhat ng dumami ang mga niyog ay unti-unting nawala ang pagtatanim ng mais. Kaya laking panlulumo namin ng halos lahat ng niyog ay natumba. Wala na kaming mapagkukunan para pambili ng bigas at iba pang pangangailangan. Sa kabila ng panghihina ng loob pagkatapos ng Yolanda nakita namin na kailangang magtulungan para mapabilis ang aming pagbangon. Kailangan naming magtanim muli, kung hindi kami magtatanim kami din naman ang magugutom. Hindi naman tinangay ng bagyo ang lupa. Nandiyan pa din ito, kailangan lang ang dobleng pagsisikap. Isa ako sa naghikayat sa aming mga kapitbahay na bungkalin ang lupa at magtanim muli upang may makain pagkatapos ng ilang buwan. Nabuhayan kami ng loob pagkatapos ng ilang linggo pagdating ng tulong sa aming barangay. Marami at iba-iba ang dumating na may dalang tulong. Pero naiiba ang ACCORD at CARE. Ihinahalintulad ko ang pagdating nila kagaya ng sa dalawang ibon na dumako sa aming barangay. Dala nila ang pag-asa upang kami ay makabangon muli.
Ang pera na ibinigay sa livelihood ay ibinili ko ng baboy. Ngayon ay nakapanganak at nakapagbenta na ako ng mga biik. Nagtanim din kami ng mga kamote, kamoteng kahoy at gulay. Napawi ang aming pangamba sa araw-araw dahil may sigurado na kaming magpagkukunan ng pagkain.
Sa Phase 2 ng livelihood ay nagbuo kami sa barangay ng 6 na grupo. Ang nakuha naming indibidwal na tulong ay pinagsama-sama. Kada grupo ay bumili ng kalabaw, arado, suyod, pala, bara at sprayer. Bawat isang pamilya ay bumili rin ng sariling sundang (bolo). Ang mga gamit na ito ay nagpapabilis ng gawa namin sa pagsasaka. Ang mga kalabaw ay nag-aararo sa mga personal at komunal na mga sakahan namin. Habang ang iba pang kalabaw naman ay pinanghahakot ng mga kahoy na nakakadagdag sa kita namin. Mula sa pinagsama-samang pera, naglaan din ng pera ang bawat grupo upang makabili ng binhi ng upland rice. May indibidwal at grupo na nagtanim nito.
Bago sa amin ang upland rice. Tuwang-tuwa kami ng makapag harvest kami. Nakapagtabi na din kami ng binhi para sa susunod na taniman. Sa kasalukuyan, mga root crops muna ang itinanim dahil sa maulan ngayon. Nagbatay kami sa seasonal calendar na nagawa sa Disaster Preparedness Training ng ACCORD. Wala na ring gumagala na baboy ngayon sa barangay dahil lahat ay may tanim na.
Ngunit hindi kami tumigil sa aming pangarap. Lahat ng oportunidad at mga hamon ay hinarap namin. Gusto namin na magtagal ang proyekto at pinag-isipan namin ng husto kung paano ito maisakatuparan. Dama namin na ang pangunahing pangangailangan namin ay pagkain. Kailangan namin ng bigas, ang pwedeng tumubo sa mabundok naming lugar ay mais. Kaso walang gilingan. Kaya naisip namin na gawing proyekto ang pagtayo ng gilingan ng mais. Malawak ang aabutin na serbisyo ng corn mill. Hindi lamang ito para sa amin. Maging ang ibang barangay ay pwedeng makinabang dito.
Dahil sa kagustuhang lalo pang gumanda ang aming pamumuhay, nagsunod-sunod ang mga meeting kasama ang mga myembro, nagpaliwanagan at nagkumbinsihan hanggang sa umabot sa pinal na desisyon na corn mill na ang magiging proyekto namin para sa pangatlong yugto ng livelihood project – ang Community Enterprise Facility (CEF).
Walang may kaalaman sa amin sa pagtayo at pagpatakbo ng corn mill. Nakita namin ang pangangailangan na mag-aral at matuto upang magkaroon ng kaalaman. Pinuntahan naming ang mga proyekto ng ACCORD sa iba’t ibang bayan na may corn mill para pag-aralan. Kasabay ng pagbuo ng desisyon ay ang pormal din na pag rehistro ng aming grupo bilang asosasyon. Hindi naging madali ang pagbuo ng grupo. Iba-iba ang gusto ng mga tao. Malaking tulong ang pagkakaroon ng malawak na pang-unawa at maayos na pagpapaliwanag sa mga myembro.Sa pamamagitan nito nabuksan ang pananaw ng mga tao at nagkaroon ng pagkakaisa. Ang tingin pa namin ay may kakulangan din kami sa karunungan. Sa mga karanasan lamang kami natuto.
Tunay ngang nakakapagod pero kapag ang iniisip ay hindi lang para sa sarili kundi ang kapakanan din ng iba, nawawala ang kapaguran ko. Kailangang makinig sa sinasabi ng bawat myembro, pag aralan ang kanilang mga mungkahi at ikumpara ang resulta. Sa organisasyon ay mahalagang matuto kang maki-isa. Kung ano ang pinaka maayos na karanasan ay ito ang dapat mangibabaw. Nagkasundo kami sa grupo na magbayad ng membership fee na P100 bawat myembro at monthly dues na P10. Ang perang nalikom ay ginamit sa pamasahe, photocopy at iba pang gastos ng asosasyon habang naglalakad ng mga papeles. Kung nagkakaproblema din ang myembro dito rin kami kumukuha ng ipapahiram. Layunin nito na may magagamit kaagad ang myembro sa panahon ng kagipitan.
(Ipinarehistro ang Plaridel Livelihood Entrepreneur’s Association (PLEA), ang kanilang asosayon sa DOLE noong Abril ng taong ito upang maging isang pormal na organisasyon na may napapanghawakang papel.)
Mahirap ang pagparehistro sa DOLE. Malayo ang opisina, sa Tacloban pa. Pabalik-balik kami bitbit ang mga papeles. May nag-alok pa saamin na pwedeng maging fixer sa pag ayos ng papeles namin pero may bayad. Hindi kami pumayag, nagtiyaga kami na mag follow-up dahil gusto naman din naming matuto.
Sa paglakad ng aming papeles, natuwa kami sa abogadong nag-notaryo para sa min sa DOLE. Hindi niya pinabayaran ang pagnotaryo niya dahil naintindihan niya ang halaga ng ginagawa namin. Pinayuhan pa niya kami na pagbutihin ang aming ginagawa. Naging hamon ito sa amin na kahit hindi namin kilala ay sumusuporta sa aming ginagawa.
Ang aming pagkakaisa at pagbuo ng asosasyon o grupo mula sa dating kanya-kanya ay siyang naging gabay namin para makamit ang ganap na pagbangon. Masaya kaming pinapanday ang maliwanag na umaga para sa aming pamilya at komunidad.
Darating ang panahon na ang mga anak naman namin ang magpapatakbo ng asosasyon at mas mapapalago pa nila ito dahil nagsimula na kaming turuan sila mula sa aming karanasan. Sila ngayon ay nakakapag-aral na ding muli dahil may kakayahan na rin kahit paano. Gusto rin naming mangyari na sa panahon na may mangangailangan ng kanilang tulong ay makapagbigay din kami. ***
Dahil sa magandang simulain ng kanilang proyekto, at sa magandang pagtutulungang ipinamalas ng mga miyembro, ang samahan ng mga maliliit na magsasaka sa Bgy. Plaridel ay tiyak na magtagumpay at maipagpatuloy hanggang sa sunod na henerasyon.
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(Building back better and safer by mainstreaming DRR in shelter project)
Ni Cristita Villablanca
Bgy. Macaalang, Dagami
Magandang umaga sa inyong lahat. Ako si Cristita Villablanca isang residente ng Brgy. Macaalang, Dagami, Leyte at isa sa mga napiling miyembro ng roving team sa shelter project ng CARE at ACCORD. Noong hindi pa tumatama ang bagyong Yolanda, masasabi ko na maayos ang pamumuhay sa barangay namin sa kadahilanang marami pa ang nakukuhang produkto sa niyog tulad ng copra na siyang pangunahing kabuhayan ng karamihan ng mga residente. Masasabi ko rin na sa mga panahon na iyon ay medyo nakaka-angat ang mga tao dahil marami pa ang nakakapag-aral ng high school sa poblacion ng barangay. Napansin ko rin dati na sa paggawa ng bagong bahay ay walang sinusunod na mga pamamaraan sa pagtayo o pagkukumpuni. Basta makagawa lang ng bahay ay tama na.
Sa pagtama ng Bagyong Yolanda ay naranasan namin ang pinaka matinding pagsubok na nangyari sa barangay namin. Halos naubos ang lahat ng pananim. Natumba halos lahat ng mga niyog. Nasira lahat ng mga bahay namin. Nagutom, naghirap at nagdusa kaming lahat. Nawala ang pangunahing pinagkukunan namin ng ikinabubuhay – ang mga niyog. Nagresulta ito sa paghinto ng mga anak namin sa pag aaral at lalong tumindi ang paghihirap namin.
Dumaan ang ilang buwan bago namin nakilala ang CARE at ACCORD. Noong Pebrero 2014, nagdala sila ng pagkain sa aming barangay na nagpagaan ng konti sa aming kalagayan. Lumipas ulit ang ilang buwan, bumalik ang CARE at ACCORD noong Agosto. Sa panahon na ito, ay hindi na food kung hindi ay shelter repair kits naman ang dala nila sa aming barangay. Dito na sa shelter project ako ay naging aktibong nakibahagi sa proyekto ng ACCORD bilang community mobilizer ng Shelter Roving Team.
Ang shelter roving team o SRT ay binubuo ng dalawang panday na lalaki at isang community mobilizer na babae na taga-barangay din. Nabuo ang SRT bilang isang pamamaraan na masiguro na nagagawa ang mga itinatayo o kinukumpuning mga bahay ayon sa mga tinurong mga teknik sa BBBS.
Nagkaroon kami ng mga pagsasanay para sa mga panday para ituro ang ibat ibang pamamaraan na mas mapatibay ang aming mga tirahan. Dito ko nalaman ang ibat ibang estilo sa pagpapatibay tulad ng 3 feet dapat ang minimum na lalim ng mga poste at dapat ay may ginawang ankla sa ilalim nito para hindi madaling madala ng hangin ang bahay pag bumagyo. Ang maganda pa dito ay kahit hindi panday ay maaaring sumama sa training upang matuto.
Marami akong natutunan sa pagiging community mobilizer ng roving team. Bilang community mobilizer, responsibilidad ko ang pag-monitor sa mga ginagawang mga bahay. Tinitignan ko kung nasusunod nga ba ang mga tinurong pamamaraan ng pagpatibay ng bahay. Sinusundan ko ang pagsimula at pagtapos at ang mga may problemang paggawa. Ang mga bagay na dati ay mga lalaki lang ang may alam sa barangay namin ay nagbago na. Alam ko na din ngayon, at ng iba pang mga nanay. Kailangan kong malaman ng mabuti upang alam ko din ang mga hindi tama ang pagkakagawa. Umabot din sa punto na habang isinasagawa ang proyekto sa barangay, ang mga nagpapanday na mismo ang nagtatanong sa akin kung eksakto at tama ba ang ginagawa nila. Minsan din hindi maiwasan na pinapaulit ko ang ginawa nila. Kinakailangan ng masinsing pag papaliwanag at pagpapaintindi na dapat maayos ang pagkakagawa ng mga bahay dahil kami din mismo ang titira at makikinabang.
Naging bago rin para sa akin at sa buong barangay ang naging paraan ng pagpapatupad ng shelter repair project ng ACCORD. Ang pagtatayo ng mga bahay ay isinasagawa sa pamamagitan ng bayanihan. May mga grupo o cluster na binubuo ng 10 pamilyang magkakalapit/magkakatabi. Inuunang pagtutulngang itayo ang mga bahay ng mga bulnerableng pamilya –mga bahay ng senior citizen o mga bahay na nanay na lamang ang nagtataguyod sa kanilang pamilya, at mga bahay ng mga PWD. Naging mahirap sa umpisa pero nagawang tapusin ng mga tao ang proyekto gamit ang pamamaraan na yun. Masasabi ko na maraming naging magandang resulta ang nagawang shelter project sa aming barangay. Nagawang magbayanihan para sa barangay na nagpakita na may napakalaking kapasidad pala kami. Nakita namin na ang pagtutulungan pala ay makadulot ng mas mabilisang paggawa at mas mura nguni’t maayos na paraan sa pagtayo ng mga matitibay na bahay.
Napakalaki ng pasasalamat namin sa CARE at ACCORD lalo na sa mga staff na pabalik-balik sa barangay kahit na mahirap ang daan. Ipinapangako ko, at namin sa barangay na hindi masasayang ang mga nadalang tulong sa amin at lalo na sa mga naiturong pamamaraan sa paggawa ng bahay na hindi na namin malilimutan.
Ika-26 ng Nobyembre 2015
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by Cherrylyn A. Libatique, Bgy. Caltayan, La Paz
Ako si Cherrylyn A. Libatique, dalawampu’t anim na taong gulang, naninirahan sa Barangay Caltayan, La Paz, Leyte. May asawa at apat na anak, dalawang babae at dalawang lalaki. Simple lang kaming namumuhay, mahirap ang buhay namin. Ang bahay namin ay munting kubo lamang at ang kinikita ng asawa ko ay kulang pa sa aming pang araw-araw na pangangailangan. Mas lalo pa kaming lumubog sa hirap nang dumating ang unos na bagyong Yolanda. Nawasak ang aming munting kubo at nawalan ng trabaho ang asawa ko. Naranasan naming matulog sa tangkil-tangkil* na bahay at magutom. Akala ko hindi na kami makakaahon sa hirap dahil wala na kaming mapagkukuhanan ng pagkakakitaan dahil sa kawalan ng niyog na siyang pangunahing hanapbuhay namin.
Malaki ang pasasalamat ko nang dumating ang NGO na ACCORD. Una, nagbigay sila ng pagkain at pangalawa ay ang shelter repair kit. Hindi ko inaasahan na makuha ako bilang myembro ng shelter roving team. Sa General Assembly sinabi ng ACCORD Staff na kailangan ng tatlong volunteer para sa team, dalawang karpintero o panday at isang babae na community mobilizer. Lahat ng tao sa barangay ay nagturuan, walang may gustong mag-boluntaryo. Nakita ako ng aming kapitan at sinabihan ako na ako ang mag-volunteer. Agad ko ding tinanggap ang sabi ng kapitan dahil hindi matatapos ang general assembly kapag walang magboluntaryo at gusto ko rin naman ang tumulong sa aming barangay. Nang makumpleto na ang shelter roving team saka sinabi ng ACCORD staff na may allowance ang tatlong volunteer, na ikinagulat ng lahat at pinanghinayangan. Hindi ko rin naman inaasahan na may allowance pero malaki ang pasasalamat ko dahil ang nakuha kong allowance ay nagamit ko upang maipaayos ang aming bahay at nakabili ng kaunting gamit para sa aking pamilya.
Dahil dito, malaki ang pasasalamat ko sa ACCORD sa oportunidad na ito kung saan nagsimula akong maging aktibo sa aming barangay. Sa mabuting palad ay sumusunod rin at nakikinig ang aking mga ka-barangay sa akin. Lumabas na may kakayahan naman pala ako at masaya ako na nakita ito ng ACCORD. At ang kakayahang yun marahil ang nakita nila upang kunin akong maging isang Community Facilitator (CF) sa susunod na phase ng proyekto nila. Sa aking pagkaunawa, batay sa paliwanag ng ACCORD, ang isang CF ay pangunahing magbibigay ng suporta sa kanila sa pagsagawa ng mga aktibidad sa barangay. Bilang isang CF, tutulong ako sa paglilinaw sa mga tanong ng ACCORD tungkol sa aming lugar at ako din ang magpapaliwanag o maglinaw sa mga kasamahan ko sa barangay kapag may hindi maintindihan sa mga sinasabi ng ACCORD.
Napakalaki ng naitulong ng oportunidad na ito upang maipalabas at mapalakas ang aking mga kakayahan o skills. Hindi na ako mahiyain at marunong na akong gumawa din ng mga gawaing pang-opisina (paper works) tulad ng training preparation, liquidation, pag-organisa ng mga nakuhang datos sa komunidad at iba pa. Nahasa din ang aking pagsasalita sa harap ng maraming tao at hindi na ako natatakot at nahihiya, tulad sa pagbibigay ng training sa disaster risk reduction (DRR). Bilang CF, tungkulin ko ding mag-aral ng mabuti upang magampanan ko ang aking papel na maglilinaw o makatulong sa pagpaunawa sa aking ka-barangay.
At isa sa pinakamatingkad kong natutunan ay ang tungkol DRR. Ngayon ay naiintindihan ko na kung ano ang hazard, bulnerabilidad, kapasidad, risk, climate change, resilience atbpa. Nakita ko din paano maghanda para sa community drill at ang mismong kondukta ng drill.
Nagustuhan kong mag-volunteer dahil sa dagdag na karanasan at kaalaman. Ang mga natutunan ko ay madadala ko hanggang sa aking pagtanda. Patuloy akong magiging actibo sa aming komunidad dahil sa nakuha kong mga kaalaman at mga natutunan sa ACCORD.
*Tangkil-tangkil – bahay na gawa sa kahit anong material na pinagtagpi-tagpi lamang
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As the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) draws to an end and disaster-related loss and damage continues to increase, an important opportunity arises to shape and agree upon a successor framework that will enable management of the risks that threaten to reverse vital development gains. These risks are driven by a variety of factors (UNISDR 2013) including climate variability and change, economic and financial crises, environmental mismanagement, demographic change, rapid and unplanned urbanization, and failed governance; they disproportionately impact vulnerable and exposed low-income households around the world.
As the HFA Priority area 4 refers to disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies integrated with climate change adaptation and lists among the “critical tasks for states” to promote the integration of DRR with climate variability and climate change into DRR strategies and adaptation to climate change, considerable effort has been made by agencies to work towards convergence of the DRR and the climate change adaptation agendas. However, despite the obvious overlap, these two agendas have evolved independently and in parallel (Mitchell & van Aalst 2008, Mitchell et al. 2010, Mercer 2010) and have faced different challenges (e.g. Schipper & Pelling 2006). In terms of practical programming, there has perhaps been some risk of “relabelling” classical DRR efforts addressing weather-related risks without consciously incorporating concerns for the change in risk patterns, extreme events and vulnerability partly induced by climate change. In addition, there has been a tendency to initiate stand-alone climate change adaptation (CCA) projects disregarding existing vulnerabilities, in effect “overstating” the adaptation aspects of the project rather than integrating adaptation measures into existing approaches, as recommended in the HFA.
Since the HFA in 2005 more compelling evidence about how climate change has – and continues to – influence disaster risk has emerged (including IPCC AR4 and AR5 and SREX). At the same time, many implementing agencies, in particular civil society organizations, have developed and tested various approaches and tools to integrate climate aspects in (participatory) assessments and planning (IIRR Cordaid 2013, CARE 2009, Wiggins 2012) and considerable effort has been made to bounce ideas and share knowledge across agencies about tools and methods for integrating changing climate risks into DRR through for example, the Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change Conferences, and Development & Climate Days held in the context of the annual UNFCCC Conference of Parties (Bachofen et al 2014, Suarez et al 2013). Through these iterations, some common denominators for climate-smart community programming have started to emerge.
Pilot projects across the world have shown that addressing changing climate and disaster risks at the local level is highly effective for building resilience. Strong capacities and robust institutions at the community level can maximize the impacts of climate-smart disaster risk reduction. Yet for this to happen, it is essential that communities and the organizations supporting them all know how to integrate changing risks into their activities.
While empowering communities and the local organizations that support them to become better at managing their risk, the disaster risk reduction community faces increasing pressure to deliver on a greater scale, and help local actors steer their development trajectories upwards. At the same time, policymakers seek clarity and guidance from practitioners on the standards to set for local climate change adaptation efforts – a crucial component of national adaptation planning. Taken together, these demands call for a simplified set of criteria to ensure community-based DRR programming, as well as broader resilience-building efforts, can guide communities and the organizations supporting them.
To address this growing demand, the Minimum Standards for Local Climate-smart Disaster Risk Reduction (hereafter referred to as “Minimum Standards”) have been developed to provide a ‘good enough guide’ to help local community leaders, DRR practitioners and policymakers ensure DRR efforts are geared to more uncertain future risk patterns induced by a changing climate. The Minimum Standards are meant to serve as a useful guide for planners and donors as well so they may ensure DRR programming is meeting CCA needs and that DRR actions are going beyond business as usual by truly addressing changing climate-related risks. Indeed, recognizing that the Minimum Standards are realistic and achievable, national strategies that consider them will be able to go to scale, also in facilitating the use of climate adaptation finance for local efforts to reduce the rising risk of disaster in a changing climate.
This paper presents the Minimum Standards for local climate-smart disaster risk reduction and details how they can help trigger action on climate change under the post-2015 HFA framework. The first section provides an overview of the Minimum Standards and their relevance for guiding climate-smart action at the community level and at the civil society organisation (CSO) level. The second section presents experience of community level application of the Minimum Standards in the Philippines, Indonesia, and India in the context of the Partners for Resilience Program. To illustrate how the Minimum Standards have been used to strengthen CSO’s capacity to become climate-smart, the third section details the experience of the Vanuatu Red Cross and suggests for this approach to be replicated by other CSOs. In addition, the process by which Australian Red Cross has expanded the Minimum Standards to include gender dimensions of DRR is presented in a final case study. The paper concludes with a discussion of the way forward for maximizing the opportunities to use the Minimum Standards to inform the development of the post 2015 HFA.
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The global pandemic known as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions worldwide. Presently in the Philippines, the number of cases continues to increase with 9.90% positivity rate and 1.85% mortality rate. The most vulnerable population is comprised of the elderly, those with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, or those who are immunocompromised such as people living with HIV, as well as frontline workers in health and essential businesses.
Health system capacity has improved but continues to face challenges. The country currently ranks 20th in the John Hopkins case monitoring dashboard in terms of the country with the highest number of COVID-19 cases. The number of new cases remains variable with a recent spike following a 2-week decline. The Department of Health (DOH), however asserts that the health system has made significant progress not only in improving recovery rates and reducing COVID-19 mortality, but also in increasing hospitals’ capacity to serve suspected/ confirmed COVID-19 patients.
Currently, there is some 42.1% occupancy rate in wards, ICU, and isolation bedsfor COVID-19. Critical health facilities are now more equipped to provide better care to patients compared to during the early stages of the pandemic. However, testing and contact tracing capacity needs to be sustained to accurately
reflect the health situation. On September 2, the national government launched its official contact tracing app – staysafe.ph, while Local Government Units (LGU) also initiated individual contact tracing strategies/app in their respective communities.
The Philippine government utilized a public health-centered approach in mitigating the spread of the virus. Medical response includes strengthening health capacity by recruiting additional 20,000 health professionals, improved and expanded research capacity, and improved health care facilities and care protocols. Community quarantines include imposition of curfew, ban on mass gatherings, closures of schools or congregations, work suspension, and modified work arrangements.
COVID-19 has resulted in severe socio-economic consequences. The response to the pandemic transmission has negatively impacted the economy. Since March 2020, more than 3.3 million workers have lost their jobs. Unemployment rate is at 10% as of July 2020 which is double the rate of 5.4% last year of the same month. The loss of livelihood and lack of income opportunities has limited the access of the poorest families to food, water, and health services, and increased their reliance on aid. Some 7.6M reported involuntary hunger due to the crisis.10 School suspension displaced learners, barred access to supplementary feeding, and increased care work for women. Moreover, the affected population articulated increased feelings of anxiety and distress due to the continuing uncertainty of the situation. The pandemic situation shows disproportionate impact of the pandemic to women, children, and the most marginalized sectors of society.
The Philippines remains at risk to disasters and climate change impacts. The country ranks 3rd in the World Risk Report of 2018 and 5th in the Climate Risk Index of 2019.12 Tropical cyclones account for the largest disaster-related loss in the country. Some 20 tropical cyclones occur in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) per year. At least 6-9 incidents make landfall causing damage to urban and rural communities. Due to climate change, recent historical data in the country show that stronger typhoons are becoming even more frequent. Degraded ecosystems also exacerbate the impacts of the hazard. Moreover, cyclones are often accompanied by concurrent hazards including floods, flashfloods, and landslides. It also interacts with seasonal and climatological changes including monsoon seasons and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. The typhoon season has already started. Typhoon Vongfong made landfall in May 2020. It was the first typhoon to hit the country this year. It affected almost 400,000 individuals and destroyed shelter, livelihoods, and health facilities. Emergency response activities were complicated by the ongoing quarantine measures and social distancing protocols. The experience from Typhoon Vongfong showed the need to integrate minimum health standards to better prepare for similar hazard events.
On 14 June 2020, the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) announced the start of the rainy season. The climate outlook shows that that there is more than 50-55% chance of La Nina either late October or November 2020 which may last through the first quarter of 2020. Above normal rainfall incidents can also be expected in the same period, particularly in December. Moreover, a total of 9 to 12 tropical cyclones are expected to enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) until the end of the year. The onset of La Nina will cause tropical cyclones to form nearer land, thereby increasing the chance of landfall.
Capacities are stretched, and resources are dwindling. The whole country was placed under State of Calamity since 16 March 2020-12 September 2021.17 The protracted response due to COVID-19 has depleted resources of the government, private sector, and Civil Society Organizations. LGUs affected by the pandemic have already exhausted their Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund- Emergency Response Fund (LDRRMF-ERF) and have realigned their development funds to provide food assistance, conduct awareness-raising activities, and supplement health equipment and services. Medical and government front liners have provided continuous health and social services.
With the advent of the Typhoon season alongside the continuous COVID-19 response, there is a need to revisit plans to better manage risks and increase response capacities. Contingency plans (CP) can be reviewed to update risk assessments, integrate Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) protocols, and improve response arrangements. Other government plans including the DRRM Plans, Annual Investment Plans (AIP), and Comprehensive Development Plans (CDP) may also benefit from the review process.
The Contingency Planning Checklist is an attempt to summarize experiences from the ground into a diagnostic tool that supports the integration of COVID-19 protocols and lessons from the ongoing response into existing Contingency Plans. It is a list of recommendations across multiple sectors that can serve as an entry point in the CP updating process.
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Originally Written: October 1, 2014
By Amian Tauli
Ti daga ket biag. Land is life.
This quote is a truism that the indigenous people of the Cordillera have asserted time and again as they struggled to develop and live in the mountainous terrain that has been their homeland since time immemorial. By living closely with their environment, they have been able to accumulate indigenous knowledge and practices that guide every aspect of their lives. These practices and knowledge such as the appearance of a certain animal or plant, the behaviour of pets, the color of the sky and many others that signal the occurrence of a certain phenomena have also been pivotal in helping them cope with and bounce back from hazards and disasters they have faced throughout the years. However, the changing climate has made it difficult for the communities. They have struggled to apply the knowledge that has served them well for a long time. Today, very rare is the instance where the appearance of a certain migratory bird can signal the onset of strong rains or a typhoon.
Sitio Mangagew is just one of the 12 communities in the Cordillera where the Partners for Resilience (PfR) programme is being implemented. From the town proper in Bokod, Benguet, it can be reached by a two hour hike or an hour’s drive through a muddy, rutted road that is impassable during the rainy season. It is mainly inhabited by the Ibalois, one of the major ethno-linguistic groups in the Cordillera.
The community members derive their livelihood from planting rice and other vegetables, the majority of which are rain-fed. But recently, the community has reported a steady decline in rice and vegetable production due to the lack of rains leading to reduced water supply especially during the summer months. Based on climate projections for the region, or the years 2020 and 2050, rainy seasons will be wetter, summers will be drier and the whole year will be hotter 0.9 degrees Celsius. Climate change has also escalated the uncertainties in the communities’ agricultural production as the increased occurrence, intensity, and length of rainfall events—which consequently increase erosion rates, trigger landslides, and make certain crops susceptible to diseases—have impacted crop production in the community.
These climate projections, in combination with the indigenous knowledge and practices of the community and ecosystem information have been the starting point for the Cordillera Disaster Response and Development Services (CorDisRDS), a local partner of CARE Nederland, in implementing the PfR programme. The approach by CorDisRDS has been to supplement scientific information with local knowledge in all steps of implementation from the community risk assessment to contingency planning at the local government level in order to gain a comprehensive picture of the local situation. The climate projections in particular have been especially important in designing small-scale mitigation (SSM) projects for the communities. SSM projects are interventions that aim to reduce vulnerabilities through strengthening, diversifying or protecting livelihoods.
For Sitio Mangagew, due to the observed decrease in water supply and long-term projection of drier summers, CorDisRDs and the community agreed to build a communal water system as their SSM. The aim of the project was to provide a steady supply of water that can be used for both irrigation and domestic purposes thereby strengthening agricultural production. After consultations and planning with the local government unit and peoples’ organization, work began. A site was carefully selected ensuring that no damage will be done to the environment.
Materials were carried four kilometres and the whole community relied on their traditional practice of “gamal” or cooperative endeavour to provide labour.
Since the water source was located two kilometres away and one had to pass through a river to reach it, the plastic pipes needed to bring the water to the community were fastened to steel cables that stretched from the water source across the river to the sitio center. The community worked steadily for one month while balancing their economic activities in order to complete the project. Even the families who were not direct beneficiaries pitched in. Finally, on September 2014, the community installed the final plastic pipe. It took two months of hard work but the hope of having a steady water supply was closer to reality.
Today, the community is enjoying the benefits of their hard work. The water system is fully functional and is being used for irrigating the newly planted rice.
“We are very thankful to CorDis RDS and CARE through the PfR programme for providing us support to construct our water system. Our sitio is rarely visited by other people. At first we were hesitant to participate in the project because we had a hard time understanding the concepts being introduced. We felt that our practices were enough to protect us from disasters but we soon came to understand the importance accepting new ideas because our traditional knowledge may not be applicable all the time. ” said Victorio Agustin, a village leader, while proudly showing the completed tank full of water to be distributed to the different households.
It is always a challenge when working with a community that has a deeply-rooted belief system because they may be hesitant to accept new ideas and concepts thinking that their own traditional knowledge is sufficient. But Sitio Mangagew is an example of how the scientific data including climate projections and ecosystem data in conjunction with indigenous knowledge and practices can be effectively used to build safer and resilient communities.